• Shockproof! Training
  • 1.866.237.7228
  • Non-Member

    Membership Check

    Please enter your email address and we will check to see if a membership exists for your organization.

    Check Cancel
  • Account
    • Sign in

      If you have an account, please enter your login information.

      Sign-in

      Find Enrollments

      To quickly access links to materials or Session Access instructions, enter the email address used when enrollment was performed.

      Click "Find Now" to begin search.

      Find Now

      Forgot your password?

      Please provide your email address and we'll email you a reminder.

      Send it to me!

      Subscribe

      Please provide the information below to receive our mailings.

      Subscribe!
      Account Options
      1. Sign In... enter the resource center
      2. Access Materials... find my enrollments
      3. Forgot password?... memories fade
      4. Subscribe... to receive our mailings
      5. Contact us... if you have any questions, just ask
      6. Create a User Account* requires membership
  • Sign-in
  • Home
  • Products
  • Learning Paths
  • Calendar
  • Pricing
  • Communications
  • Contact Us
  • Help
  • About Us
  • Membership Check
  • Account

Instructor Blog - Contractors

  1. Home
  2. Communications
  3. Instructor Blog
  4. Contractors

Understanding and Analyzing Contractor Financial Statements: Part II of II


  • admin

  • 6/22/2023 12:54:53 PM

  • 61

  • Contractors
  • Copy / Share Link

Q: If Costs and Profits in Excess of Billings declined, that means that Accounts Receivable went up because they billed for that work. It doesn't necessarily mean that the cash was received. Can you explain how this is a cash inflow?

A: The question just focused on two of the three accounts that determine cash inflows or outflows from billing practices. The intent was to examine if the company's 2018 billing practices would tend to increase or decrease its cash inflow from those practices. That is, we wanted to see if the company was able to decrease Cost and Profits in Excess of Billings and increase Billings in Excess of Cost and Profits. Such a reversal can have a very positive impact on a contractor's ability to increase cash inflows from clients to help finance the project as it unfolds.

Focusing just on Cost and Profits in Excess of Billings and Billings in Excess of Cost and Profits, the movements in those two accounts signal a cash inflow. An asset account decreased – a cash inflow according to the standard rules of thumb – and a liability account increase – another cash inflow according to the rules of thumb.

However, if we had included movements in all three accounts that determine cash inflows or cash outflows from billing practices, we would conclude that the billing (and collections) in 2018 resulted in a cash outflow. We reach this conclusion since Contracts Receivable increased by $417,472 – a cash outflow that more than swamps the cash flow movements in the other two accounts.

Q: I have come across notes in financial statements several times similar to the note below. Net income for the period was $9,000,000. Does this mean that Net Income would have actually been a net loss if this change in estimate had not taken place?

Change in Estimate
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had an increase in estimated profit on contracts, which resulted in a current period increase in net income of approximately $15,500,000, net of income taxes of ($144,000). The increase would have been reported in the preceding period had the increase in estimated profit been known at that time. Revisions in the estimated profits are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known.

A: The 2022 financial statements should be re-stated.  That is, after the fact, the company needs to go back and include all the income, expenses, and taxes that it failed to properly acknowledge at the time it took place, which was 2022.

To include 2022 net profit in the 2023 financial statements only makes sense if the company files its tax returns on a cash basis.  However, to do so, gross receipts must be less than $25M under the 2018 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.  And if the contractor had net profit of $15,500,000, the gross receipts associated with that level of profit must be at least twice this amount - which puts it over the limit for using a cash-based approach to filing - and recognizing - revenue and profit.

So, if the contractor is filing taxes on an accrual basis, which appears to be the only possibility, it must take the $15,500,000 and all associated revenue and expenses back to 2022 and not recognize these events in 2023.

Course overview: Understanding and Analyzing Contractor Financial Statements: Part II of II

Categories
  • Commercial Real Estate(33)
    • Commercial Real Estate(32)
    • Questions: Commercial Real Estate - Hands On(1)
  • Contractors(52)
    • Understanding and Analyzing Contractor Financial Statements: Part I of II(32)
    • Understanding and Analyzing Contractor Financial Statements: Part II of II(20)
  • Covenants(11)
    • Complex Loan Structuring(1)
    • Covenant Testing(1)
    • Covenant Use in Controlling Cash Outflows(5)
    • Financial Gap Ratio(1)
    • Financing Gap revisited(1)
    • The Financing Gap Ratio - defined(1)
    • UCA cash flow and debt service coverage?(1)
  • Credit College - Accounting Essentials(107)
    • Session #1: Financial Statement Structure and Composition(39)
    • Session #2: Double Entry Accounting, the Accounting Equation, and Debits and Credits(24)
    • Session #3: Critical Accounting Principles and Assumptions and More Debits and Credits(23)
    • Session #4: Recording Transactions and Creating the Balance Sheet and Income Statement(21)
  • Credit College - Cash Flow(14)
    • Session #1: UCA Cash Flow Statement, Traditional "Cash Flow," and EBITDA(8)
    • Session #2: Cash Impact Analysis, Borrowing Causes Revisited, and Management Assessment(2)
    • Session #3: FASB 95 Statement of Cash Flows Conversion to UCA Cash Flow Statement(1)
    • Session #4: Cash Flow Proxies, Debt Capacity, and the UCA Cash Flow Statement(3)
  • Credit College - Commercial Business(208)
    • Session #1: Analytical Decision Tree and the Credit Write-Up(29)
    • Session #2: Financial Statement Review and Ratio Analysis(43)
    • Session #3: Cash Flow Analysis and Borrowing Causes(34)
    • Session #4: Management Assessment, Projected Cash Flow, and the First Way Out(20)
    • Session #5: Guarantor Analysis and the Second Way Out(30)
    • Session #6: Non-Financial Red Flags and Performance Implications(13)
    • Session #7: Identifying and Mitigating Repayment Risks(21)
    • Session #8: The Credit Write-Up Again(18)
  • Credit College - Commercial Real Estate(218)
    • Session #1: The Credit Write-Up and the CRE Analytical Process(28)
    • Session #2: Ratios, Borrower Cash Flow, and the First Way Out(33)
    • Session #3: Guarantor Analysis, Global Cash Flow, and the Second Way Out(40)
    • Session #4: The Appraisal Report and Approaches to Market Value(9)
    • Session #5: The Income Capitalization Approach and the Cap Rate(24)
    • Session #6: Underwriting Standards. Actual vs. Stabilized NOI, and Breakeven Analysis(54)
    • Session #7: Management Assessment, Competitive Forces, and Projected Performance(16)
    • Session #8: Repayment Risks, Covenants, and the Credit Write-Up Revisited(14)
  • Credit College - Credit Basics(93)
    • General(1)
    • Session #1: Understanding Financial Statements and Business Organizations(34)
    • Session #2: Personal Qualities and Competitive Advantages(8)
    • Session #3: Critical Ratios and The First Necessary Condition for Business Success(28)
    • Session #4: Non-Financial Red Flags, Cash Flow and Second Necessary Condition for Business Success(22)
  • Credit College - Taxes(213)
    • Analysis Using Business Tax Returns(1)
    • Converting business income tax returns into accrual financial statements(1)
    • Employee Retention Credit (ERC)(1)
    • Session #1: Business Income Tax Returns(21)
    • Session #2: The Section 179 Deduction(29)
    • Session #3: Understanding Schedules K-1(19)
    • Session #4: Personal Income Tax Returns and Cash Flow(14)
    • Session #5: Schedule M-1 and the Accrual Income Statement(25)
    • Session #6: Business Income Tax Returns and Ratio Analysis(58)
    • Session #7: Business Income Tax Returns and Cash Flow Analysis(23)
    • Session #8: Cash Based Income Tax Returns(21)
  • Credit Curriculum(1)
  • Credit Write Up(33)
    • Analytical Focus in the Credit Write Up(27)
    • Description and Analysis in the Credit Write-Up(6)
  • Debt Capacity(9)
  • Financial Analysis(55)
    • ACS (Accounting Standards Codification) 842(1)
    • Analysis when one spouse is not a guarantor(1)
    • Auto Dealer analysis(1)
    • Auto Dealership/UCA/Floor-Plan debt(1)
    • Capital Gains(1)
    • Cash distributions, Business cash flow and Guarantor global cash flow(1)
    • Corporate tax return or CPA prepared financial statements?(1)
    • CPA firms and legal firms(1)
    • Credit Analysis Question(1)
    • CSVLI - Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance(1)
    • Depreciation FAQ(1)
    • Distributions(1)
    • Distributions taken from prior year earnings(1)
    • EBITDA, Defined(1)
    • ESOP financing(1)
    • FAQ - calculating Business Profit (1)
    • Financing Needs(2)
    • Flooring Lines(1)
    • Funded Debt to EBITDA(1)
    • Gain on sale and traditional cash flow(1)
    • Insurance Company statements(1)
    • Language of Business On-Line Classroom Q & A(1)
    • Lending to a Start-up(1)
    • Market and industry data sources(1)
    • More on Depreciation(1)
    • Participations and private equity firms(1)
    • Pitfalls of Partial Analysis(4)
    • Prior Period Adjustments to Retained Earnings(1)
    • Ratios and Messages about Profitability and Cash Flow(12)
    • Schedule L(1)
    • Section 263A(1)
    • Self-Employment Tax(1)
    • Session #1: Business Income Tax Returns(1)
    • Session #2: The Section 179 Deduction(1)
    • SG&A% - Another FAQ(1)
    • SG&BC Course Progress Check Question(1)
    • Syndicated Loans(1)
    • Tax Returns vs. Accrual Statements in Assessing Borrower Risk(2)
    • UCA debt coverage ratio for an interim(1)
  • Five Cs of Credit(10)
  • Fund Accounting(52)
    • Fund Accounting and Municipality Analysis: Part I of II(31)
    • Fund Accounting and Municipality Analysis: Part II of II(20)
    • GASB 68(1)
  • Global Cash Flow(51)
    • Borrower with many corporations(1)
    • Global Cash Flow(50)
  • Healthcare(18)
    • Assessing Hospital Financial Performance(6)
    • Assessing Medical Practices(9)
    • Forces Impacting Hospital Financial Performance(3)
  • Loan Documentation(53)
    • Commercial Loan Documentation(30)
    • Commercial Real Estate Loan Documentation(23)
  • Minimum Financial Data(14)
  • Not for Profit Analysis(24)
  • Personal Income Tax Returns and Cash Flow(65)
    • Session #3: Understanding Schedules K-1(27)
    • Session #4: Personal Income Tax Returns and Cash Flow(38)
  • Problem Loans - Loan Classification(2)
  • Projections(22)
    • Projections and Repayment Sources: Part I of II(13)
    • Projections and Repayment Sources: Part II of II(9)
  • Spreading Financial Statements(6)
  • Stress Testing(1)
  • Testing(2)
    • Exams(1)
    • How do the Credit College exams work?(1)
  • Trusts(2)
    • Trust Returns(1)
    • Trusts(1)
  • UCA Cash Flow(58)
    • Advanced UCA Cash Flow: Part I of II(51)
    • Advanced UCA Cash Flow: Part II of II(4)
    • Related Party Transactions and the UCA Cash Flow Statement(1)
    • Sales Neutral Business Cash Income(1)
    • UCA Cash Flow and Agricultural Loans(1)
  • Working Capital and UCA Cash Flow(27)
Shockproof! Training

PO Box 30304 Walnut Creek, CA 94598
1.866.237.7228 support@shockproof.com

  • About
  • Career Opportunities

© Copyright 2001-2025 Shockproof! Training